Stroke is a major neurological disease. Stroke is the third leading cause of death (after heart disease and cancer), but it is the number one cause of disability. Stroke occurs due to disruption of blood vessels in the brain.

Research in the United States shows that there are 3 million Americans is affected by blood vessel disease (heart disease, stroke, and peripheral blood vessels) and 150,000 of them die each year. General recurrent stroke incidence is also found, 33% of stroke patients who survive will suffer a stroke back in 5 years.

Stroke can occur because a person has healthy individual stroke risk factors. There stroke risk factors that can be controlled and others can not be controlled.

Stroke risk factors that can not be controlled are age, gender, race, family history, and history of previous stroke. Old age group and men easier get stroke, as well as someone with a family history of stroke.

Stroke risk factors can be controlled are hypertension, diabetes, smoking, high blood cholesterol, high blood triglycerides, obesity and so on.

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Examination by CT-scan is used to detect hidden diseases in the body. But recent research shows that the X-ray radiation excess of this tool can lead to cancer.

This is based on the findings in the report Archives of Internal Medicine, conducted by Dr. Rita F. Redberg. Researchers urge doctors to limit radiation exposure to patients undergoing CT-Scan.

CT-Scan has become a powerful tool commonly used. We have lowered our threshold value which means that this tool should really be used in patients who need it.

Physicians should be careful in assessing the benefits of each CT-Scan done and inform the patients about the risks of radiation. CT-Scan (computed tomography scan) is a combination of computers and X-ray technology to produce cross-sectional images in detail so that the body can help doctors diagnose and treat disease.

However, new data shows the use of this tool allows the emergence of excessively more harm than good. Types of CT-Scan itself varies from part of the body which will be examined and it dose X-rays vary. For example X-ray radiation dose to the abdomen-pelvis millisieverts ranged between 6-90 and the average usage of 31 millisieverts.

The number of CT-Scan which leads to cancer cases depending on the type of scan, the patient’s age and sex. For example, 1 of 270 women and 1 in 600 men undergoing coronary angiography (to see the heart blockage) at the age of 40 years could be at risk of cancer.

These risks will be two times greater if done at the age of 20 years and the risk is 50 percent lower if the age of 60 years. It is estimated that approximately two-thirds of cancer cases that have occurred in women, because the tendency of the use of this tool is greater in women is about 60 percent.

To ensure safe use, researchers recommended the implementation should focus on the radiation dose is reduced, eliminating unnecessary things done and make medical records to be known how many patients are exposed to X-ray radiation.

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Description
Pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid between the layers of tissue covering the lungs and chest cavity. In normal conditions, the body produces pleural fluid in small amounts to lubricate the surface of the pleura, the thin tissue that lines the chest cavity and surrounds the lungs. This excess fluid makes the abnormal condition.

Two types of effusion include:
1. Transudative Pleural effusion caused by fluid leaking into the pleural cavity. This is caused by high pressure, or low protein content in blood vessels. Congestive heart failure is the most common cause of this effusion.
2. Exudative effusions usually the result of leaking blood vessels caused by inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the pleura. This is often caused by lung disease. Examples are lung cancer, lung infections such as tuberculosis and pneumonia, drug reactions, and Asbestosis.

Symptoms
* Chest pain, the pain usually is worse when coughing or taking a deep breath
* Cough
* Fever
* Hiccup
* Shortness of breath

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